中文摘要
本文研究警察涉入的开枪事件对枪支暴力以及民众与警方合作的影响，并以通过拨打911作出的犯罪报告作为民众合作的代理指标。为区分犯罪报告与犯罪发生情况，我们使用明尼阿波利斯的911报警行政数据和ShotSpotter数据。利用这些事件在发生时间及与事发地点距离方面的变异，我们发现，接触警察开枪事件会使涉枪犯罪增加5%–6%，并使被报告的枪击事件减少1%–2%。综合来看，这意味着警察开枪事件会使民众向警方报告犯罪的行为减少6%–7%。• 我们研究警察开枪事件对枪支暴力和犯罪报告的影响。• 我们利用较少受到公开报道的警察开枪事件的发生时间和地点。• 我们使用ShotSpotter数据和911报警数据，将犯罪发生情况与犯罪报告区分开来。• 接触警察开枪事件会减少犯罪报告并增加犯罪发生。• 研究结果主要由少数族裔社区所驱动，并非警务收缩所致。
Abstract
This paper studies the effect of police-involved shootings on gun violence and civilian cooperation with police, as proxied by crime reports made via 911 calls. To distinguish between crime reporting and crime incidence, we use administrative data on 911 calls and ShotSpotter data from Minneapolis. Exploiting the variation in the timing and the distance to these incidents, we show that exposure to a police shooting increases gun-related crimes by 5–6 percent, and decreases shots reported by 1–2 percent. Taken together, this implies police shootings reduce civilian crime reports to police by 6–7 percent. • We study the effect of police shootings on gun violence and crime reporting. • We exploit the time and location of less-publicized police shootings. • We isolate crime incidence from reporting by using ShotSpotter and 911 calls data. • Exposure to police shootings reduces crime reporting and increases crime incidence. • Results are driven by Minority neighborhoods and are not due to de-policing.