中文摘要
我们研究庇护等待时间——一项与公共财政密切相关的政策变量——对劳动力市场和健康的影响。本研究利用待处理申请数量一次迅速且出乎意料的增加所造成的变化，该变化使新近赴瑞典寻求庇护者的处理时间延长了数月。更长的等待时间会通过延迟进入劳动力市场、降低在积极政策措施中的参与程度及表现，从而减缓融入进程。申请后前四年的累计收入，等待时间每增加一个月降低2.6%。这一影响源于延迟本身，而非等待对人力资本的负面效应。没有证据表明等待对精神健康或其他形式的健康产生不利影响。重要的是，我们的结果表明，瑞典的庇护申请者能够利用等待时间进行有益的准备。分析结果始终显示，参与庇护后融入措施的个案工作者、教师和雇主认为，等待时间更长的个体准备得更充分。
Abstract
We study labor market and health implications of asylum wait time, a policy margin with bearing on public finances. The analysis exploits a rapid and unexpected increase in pending applications, which extended processing times with several months for new asylum seekers to Sweden. Longer waiting slows down integration by delaying labor market entry and decreasing participation and performance in active policy measures. Accumulated earnings during the first four years after application are 2.6 percent lower per added month of waiting. The impact is due to delay, not to negative human capital effects of waiting per se. There is no evidence of detrimental effects on psychiatric or other forms of health. Importantly, our results suggest that asylum seekers in Sweden can use the waiting time for useful preparations. The analysis consistently indicates that case workers, teachers and employers involved in post-asylum integration measures perceive individuals who have waited longer as more prepared.