中文摘要
在美国最高法院于2022年就“多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织案”作出裁决后，美国多个州已大幅限制或取消堕胎服务的可及性。为揭示这一里程碑式裁决可能产生的经济影响，我们估计了堕胎服务可及性对女性受教育程度的影响。首先，我们对历来实施过的所有针对堕胎服务提供者的监管规定（TRAP法律）的法律沿革进行编码。我们发现，TRAP法律往往会导致诊所关闭，并使青少年生育增加3%以上；我们还提供证据表明，这些影响由堕胎服务可及性和堕胎使用的下降所驱动。我们进一步发现，18岁以前受到TRAP法律影响会使黑人女性的大学入学率降低2.1%，大学毕业率降低5.8%。对于白人女性，尽管TRAP法律对青少年生育的影响相近，但其教育影响仅体现在大学毕业率上，影响幅度不足黑人女性的一半，且不具稳健性。我们的研究结果表明，现代堕胎限制会影响女性的经济参与，并加剧种族不平等。
Abstract
Following the 2022 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health several U.S. states have severely restricted or eliminated access to abortion. To shed light on the potential economic impacts of this landmark ruling, we estimate the impact of abortion access on women’s educational attainment. We first codify the legal history of all targeted regulations of abortion providers (TRAP laws) ever implemented. We document that TRAP laws, which often result in clinic closures, increased teen births by more than 3 percent and offer evidence that these impacts are driven by reductions in abortion access and abortion use. We further document that exposure to TRAP laws before age 18 reduces college initiation by 2.1 percent and college completion by 5.8 percent among Black women. For White women, despite comparable impacts on teen births, educational impacts are on college completion only, are less than half as large, and are not robust. Our findings suggest that modern abortion restrictions affect women’s economic participation and contribute to racial inequality.