中文摘要
本文研究社会保障改革在解释不同出生队列老年男性劳动供给增加方面的作用，并评估不同健康状况下的劳动供给反应。我构建并估计了一个内容丰富的劳动供给、储蓄和社会保障申领动态生命周期模型，该模型刻画了社会保障退休福利、残疾保险和养老金制度的关键结构，同时考虑了健康、生存、工资和医疗支出方面的不确定性。该模型能够较好地拟合《收入动态追踪调查》中20世纪30年代出生队列男性的就业、每名劳动者工作时长和储蓄的生命周期变化轨迹。我发现，社会保障改革解释了20世纪50年代出生队列就业和工作时长观测增幅的77%以上，其中退休收入审查制度改革最为重要。由于残疾福利对工作形成负向激励，健康状况不佳者的劳动供给反应较小。
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of Social Security reforms in explaining the increase in labor supply of older men across cohorts and evaluates the labor response by health status. I develop and estimate a rich dynamic life-cycle model of labor supply, savings, and Social Security application that captures the key structure of Social Security retirement benefits, disability insurance, and pension systems, while accounting for uncertainties in health, survival, wages, and medical expenditures. The model matches well the observed life-cycle profiles of employment, hours per worker, and savings for men in the 1930s cohort from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. I find that Social Security reforms account for over 77% of the observed rises in employment and hours worked by the 1950s cohort, with the retirement earnings test reforms being the most important. The labor response is smaller for unhealthy individuals due to the work disincentives provided by disability benefits.