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(不)可见的手:劳动者会歧视雇主吗?

The (in)visible hand: Do workers discriminate against employers?
Journal of Public Economics · 2024 · Philipp Doerrenberg、Denvil Duncan、Danyang Li

中文摘要

尽管已有大量文献研究了劳动力市场中的歧视,但关于劳动者对(潜在)雇主的性别和种族歧视的证据却很少。为填补文献中的这一空白,我们在一个在线劳动力市场中实施了一项随机实验。在我们的实验中,劳动者在我们就雇主的种族和性别向其随机展示信号之后,做出劳动供给决策。我们的实证分析提供了相当强的证据,表明劳动者在做出劳动努力决策时会歧视黑人雇主。基于种族的歧视主要由白人劳动者针对黑人男性雇主所驱动。我们发现,关于对女性雇主存在有利的性别差距的证据较弱,且结论性较差。一项带有随机化组成部分的附加调查表明,对雇主履行劳动合同可能性的感知差异并不因雇主的种族或性别而不同。

Abstract

Although a large literature has studied discrimination in the labor market, there is little evidence on sex- and race-based discrimination of workers against (potential) employers. We implement a randomized experiment in an online labor market to contribute to this gap in the literature. In our experiment, workers make labor-supply decisions after we randomly expose them to signals about the race and sex of the employer. Our empirical analysis provides fairly strong evidence that workers discriminate against black employers when making labor effort decisions. Race-based discrimination is driven primarily by white workers against black male employers. We find weaker and less conclusive evidence of a favorable sex gap toward female employers. An additional survey with randomized components suggests that perceived differences in the likelihood that an employer honors the labor contract does not differ by employer race or sex.
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