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当工作岗位迁移时:就业郊区化与黑人就业

When Work Moves: Job Suburbanization and Black Employment
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2022 · Conrad Miller

中文摘要

本文考察就业郊区化是否导致了1970年至2000年黑人就业率的下降。我发现,对于在可观测特征上相似但距离中心城市更远的工作岗位,黑人劳动者任职的可能性低于白人劳动者。利用企业迁址的证据,我发现这种关系至少在一定程度上反映了工作地点的因果效应。在地方劳动力市场层面,我发现,与白人就业率相比,就业郊区化与黑人就业率的大幅下降相关。来自全国统一规划的公路基础设施的证据进一步支持了因果解释。

Abstract

Abstract This paper examines whether job suburbanization caused declines in black employment rates from 1970 to 2000. I find that black workers are less likely than white workers to work in observably similar jobs that are located further from the central city. Using evidence from establishment relocations, I find that this relationship reflects at least in part the causal effect of job location. At the local labor market level, I find that job suburbanization is associated with substantial declines in black employment rates relative to white employment rates. Evidence from nationally planned highway infrastructure corroborates a causal interpretation.
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