Review of Economic Studies · 2025 · [{"name": "Hannah Rubinton", "affiliation": ["Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 本文表明，自1980年以来美国大城市与小城市之间日益扩大的差距，可以用企业对技能偏向型技术冲击的内生响应来解释。随着一种高固定成本、低边际成本的技能偏向型新技术的引入，企业在大城市、为高技能工人提供丰富便利设施的城市，以及在使用高技能劳动力方面生产率更高的城市中，内生地更多地采用该技术。在采用更多的城市中，小型且低生产率的企业更可能退出市场，从而提高均衡的企业更替率（周转率）或商业活力——这是一种类似于 Melitz（2003）的选择效应。技术采用与选择的差异，解释了被称为“大分化”（Great Divergence）的区域差距扩大中的三个关键组成部分：（1）大城市技能工人的相对工资与供给增幅更大；（2）大城市商业活力的下降幅度更小；（3）大城市企业在信息与通信技术上的投资强度更高。
Abstract
Abstract This paper shows that the growing disparities between big and small cities in the U.S. since 1980 can be explained by firms endogenously responding to a skill-biased technology shock. With the introduction of a new skill-biased technology that is high fixed cost but low marginal cost, firms endogenously adopt more in big cities, cities that offer abundant amenities for high-skilled workers, and cities that are more productive in using high-skilled labour. In cities with more adoption, small and unproductive firms are more likely to exit the market, increasing the equilibrium rate of turnover or business dynamism—a selection effect similar to Melitz (2003). Differences in technology adoption and selection account for three key components of the growing regional disparities, known as the Great Divergence: (1) big cities saw a larger increase in the relative wages and supply of skilled workers, (2) big cities saw a smaller decline in business dynamism, and (3) firms in big cities invest more intensively in information and communication technology.