Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2022 · Anna Gumpert、Henrike Steimer、Manfred Antoni
中文摘要
我们从理论和实证两方面表明，多分支机构企业的管理组织在各分支机构之间是相互依赖的。为得出我们的结论，我们研究了地理摩擦对企业组织的影响。在我们的模型中，我们假设CEO的时间是一种供给有限的资源，在总部和各分支机构之间共享。地理摩擦增加了接触CEO的成本。在某一分支机构雇用中层管理者替代了CEO的时间，而CEO的时间在所有分支机构之间重新配置。因此，总部与某一分支机构之间的地理摩擦会影响企业所有分支机构的组织。我们的模型与关于多分支机构企业组织的新事实相一致，这些事实是我们利用德国的行政数据记录的。我们利用高速铁路线路的开通表明，不仅直接受更快出行时间影响的分支机构会调整其组织，企业的其他分支机构也会调整其组织。我们的发现意味着，局部条件会通过企业组织在空间上传导。
Abstract
Abstract We show theoretically and empirically that the managerial organization of multiestablishment firms is interdependent across establishments. To derive our result, we study the effect of geographic frictions on firm organization. In our model, we assume that a CEO’s time is a resource in limited supply, shared across headquarters and establishments. Geographic frictions increase the costs of accessing the CEO. Hiring middle managers at one establishment substitutes for CEO time, which is reallocated across all establishments. Consequently, geographic frictions between the headquarters and one establishment affect the organization of all establishments of a firm. Our model is consistent with novel facts about multiestablishment firm organization that we document using administrative data from Germany. We exploit the opening of high-speed railway routes to show that not only the establishments directly affected by faster travel times but also the other establishments of the firm adjust their organization. Our findings imply that local conditions propagate across space through firm organization.