民主转型期间的联系: 来自二战后法国政治清洗的启示
Connections during Democratic Transitions: Insights from the Political Purge in Post-WWII France
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2026 · [{"name": "Toke Aidt", "affiliation": ["Ifo Institute for Economic Research"]}, {"name": "Jean Lacroix", "affiliation": ["Université Paris-Saclay"]}, {"name": "Pierre-Guillaume Méon", "affiliation": ["Université Libre de Bruxelles"]}]
中文摘要
我们考察关联如何塑造法国二战后民主转型期间的转型正义。曾支持维希政权的议员面临涉及两个法院的两阶段清洗程序。采用双重差分策略，我们发现，法学毕业生这一与其中一个法院存在联系的有影响力群体，其无罪判决率高出10至14个百分点。为解释这一差异，我们分析了个体被告案卷中的17,589份文件。分析表明，间接关联——即通过第三方建立的关联——使信息得以传递给法官，凸显了有关联的精英群体如何能够在存在制度性防范的情况下依然穿行于转型之中。（JEL D72, D83, K41, N44）
Abstract
We examine how connections shaped transitional justice during France’s post-WWII democratic transition. Parliamentarians who had supported the Vichy regime faced a two-stage purge process involving two courts. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that law graduates—an influential group with ties to one of the courts—had a 10 to 14 percentage point higher acquittal rate. We analyze 17,589 documents in individual defendants’ files to explain this difference. According to this analysis, indirect connections—connections through third parties—enabled transmission of information to the judges, highlighting how connected elite groups can navigate transitions despite institutional safeguards. (JEL D72, D83, K41, N44)