Correction: regarding Article History dates for articles on journal Review of Economic Studies
Review of Economic Studies · 2023 · Kristoffer Balle Hvidberg、Claus Thustrup Kreiner、Stefanie Stantcheva
中文摘要
我们将丹麦人对自身在不同参照群体中收入位置的认知及其对不平等公平性看法的调查数据，与关于其参照群体、收入历史和生活事件的行政记录相匹配。平均而言，人们对其参照群体的收入水平相当了解。然而，在所有群体中，排名较低的受访者往往高估自己相对于他人的位置，因为他们认为他人的收入低于实际水平；排名较高的受访者则恰恰相反。对参照群体内位置的错误认知与同其他个体的接近程度、透明度规范以及可见的收入信号有关。人们认为同事群体和教育群体内部的不平等比整体不平等明显更不公平，但恰恰是在这些群体内，人们对不平等程度的低估最为严重。人们对不平等公平性的看法与个人当前所处位置高度相关，会随失业或晋升等冲击而变动，并在通过实验告知人们其实际位置后发生改变。然而，对同事群体和教育群体内部收入差异更不公平的认知仍保持不变。理论框架表明，这可能对再分配政策产生重要影响。
Abstract
We link survey data on Danish people’s perceived income positions and fairness views on inequality within various reference groups to administrative records on their reference groups, income histories, and life events. People are, on average, well-informed about the income levels of their reference groups. Yet, lower-ranked respondents in all groups tend to overestimate their own position among others because they believe others’ incomes are lower than they actually are, whereas the opposite holds true for higher-ranked respondents. Misperceptions of positions in reference groups relate to proximity to other individuals, transparency norms, and visible signals of income. People view inequalities within their co-workers and education groups as significantly more unfair than overall inequality, yet underestimate inequality the most exactly within these groups. Views on the fairness of inequalities are strongly correlated with an individual’s current position, move with shocks like unemployment or promotions, and change when experimentally informing people about their actual positions. However, the higher perceived unfairness of income differences within co-workers and education groups stays unchanged. The theoretical framework shows that this can have important implications for redistribution policy.