性别、就业选择与移民的工资影响
Gender, Selection into Employment, and the Wage Impact of Immigration
Journal of Labor Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "George J. Borjas", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research", "Harvard University"]}, {"name": "Anthony Edo", "affiliation": ["Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales"]}]
中文摘要
本地人预期会通过跨市场流动来应对移民对工资的影响。我们认为，观测到的影响不仅取决于本地人反应的规模，还取决于哪些本地人选择作出反应。具体而言，非随机反应会产生选择性偏误。我们通过表明法国移民劳动力的高度女性化降低了本地女性的就业，从而引发了可观的构成变化，并使移民与女性工资之间不存在相关性，来记录这一偏误的经验相关性。在调整选择性偏误后，女性的工资弹性变为负值，并与男性相近。
Abstract
Natives are expected to respond to the wage impact of immigration by moving across markets. We argue that the observed impact depends not only on the size of the native response but also on which natives choose to respond. Specifically, a nonrandom response produces a selection bias. We document its empirical relevance by showing that the strong feminization of the French immigrant workforce reduced the employment of native women, leading to sizable compositional shifts and no correlation between immigration and female wages. Adjusting for selection bias results in a wage elasticity that becomes negative for women and similar to men.