补充营养援助计划限制豁免对饮料购买的短期影响

中文摘要

2026年，十个州实施了补充营养援助计划（SNAP）食品限制豁免，在该计划历史上首次限制使用SNAP资金购买含糖饮料。我们利用一个新的家庭饮料购买面板数据集，估计了这些豁免的短期影响。对于平均SNAP家庭而言，这些豁免使汽水购买量减少13%，且在实施后长达两个月内具有持续性影响。对于非边际SNAP家庭，这些豁免使汽水购买量减少18.5%。这些发现与传统需求理论的预测不一致，表明结合心理账户和标签效应的行为模型能更好地刻画消费者对SNAP购买限制的反应。

Abstract

Ten states implemented Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Food Restriction Waivers to restrict purchases of sugary beverages with SNAP funds for the first time in program history in 2026. We estimate the short-run impact of these waivers using a new panel dataset of household beverage purchases. For the average SNAP household, these waivers decrease soda purchases by 13 percent with persistent effects for up to two months after implementation. For inframarginal SNAP households, these waivers decrease soda purchases by 18.5 percent. These findings are inconsistent with the predictions of traditional demand theory and suggest that behavioral models incorporating mental accounting and labeling better characterize consumer responses to SNAP purchase restrictions.