职业许可与医疗劳动力市场

Journal of Human Resources · 2024 · [{"name": "Marcus Dillender", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research"]}, {"name": "Anthony T. Lo Sasso", "affiliation": ["DePaul University", "Saint Anthony College of Nursing"]}, {"name": "Brian J. Phelan", "affiliation": ["DePaul University"]}, {"name": "Michael R. Richards", "affiliation": ["Cornell University"]}]

中文摘要

我们考察各州通过扩大执业护士（NP）的执业范围（SOP）、允许其在无医师监督下执业，从而放宽职业许可要求所产生的劳动力市场影响。基于招聘启事数据，我们发现，当各州扩大 NP 执业范围时，雇主对 NP 的需求上升。我们进一步表明，SOP 法律还提高了 NP 的收入，并促使 NP 在医疗保健部门内部重新配置，包括增加自雇。然而，这些法律仅轻微增加了就业。因此，扩大 NP 执业范围有可能提升初级保健的可及性，但缺乏弹性的 NP 劳动供给在很大程度上阻碍了这一结果的实现。

Abstract

<h3>Abstract</h3> We examine the labor market impact of states easing occupational license requirements by expanding the scope of practice (SOP) for nurse practitioners (NPs), allowing them to practice without physician oversight. Using data on job postings, we find that employers increase their demand for NPs when states expand NP SOP. We then show that SOP laws also increase NP earnings and reallocate NPs across the healthcare sector, including increasing self-employment. The laws only mildly increase employment, however. Therefore, expanding NP SOP has the potential to increase access to primary care, but inelastic NP labor supply has largely prevented this from occurring.