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最低工资、退休时点与劳动供给

Minimum wages, retirement timing, and labor supply
Journal of Public Economics · 2023 · Matt Hampton、Evan Totty

中文摘要

利用与数十年个人层面的美国国税局(IRS)和社会保障局(SSA)数据相链接的调查数据,我们发现,提高最低工资会增加处于退休年龄的低工资者的就业。就业效应的自身工资弹性估计值高于最低工资文献中的通常水平,但与近期关于最低工资劳动供给效应的证据以及劳动供给生命周期模型一致。我们还发现了永久退出就业和申领退休福利均被推迟的证据。福利申领的推迟似乎是由最低工资与社会保障收入审查制度(earnings test)之间的交互作用所驱动。这些结果表明,处于退休年龄的个体对劳动力市场机会的变化反应十分敏感,而且最低工资可能与鼓励增加工作和推迟福利申领的社会保障激励形成互补。

Abstract

We find that minimum wage increases lead to increased employment for low-wage, retirement-age individuals using survey data linked to several decades of individual-level IRS and SSA data. Own-wage elasticity estimates of the employment effect are larger than normal for the minimum wage literature but are consistent with recent evidence on labor supply effects of minimum wages and life-cycle models of labor supply. We also find evidence of delayed permanent employment exit and delayed retirement benefit claiming. The delay in benefit claiming appears to be driven by an interaction between minimum wages and the Social Security earnings test. These results suggest that retirement-age individuals are very responsive to changes in labor market opportunities and that minimum wages may complement Social Security incentives that encourage more work and delayed benefit claiming.
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