Journal of the European Economic Association · 2026 · Katharina Hartinger、Sven Resnjanskij、Jens Ruhose、Simon Wiederhold
中文摘要
个人主义程度更高的国家经历了更高的经济增长。我们为个人主义增长效应的人力资本解释提供了证据。利用规模最大的国际成人技能评估数据，我们确立了个人主义塑造人力资本形成这一结论。我们通过利用移民在来源国、来源语言和个人层面的差异来识别个人主义的效应。来自个人主义文化程度更高的移民具有更高的认知技能，并随时间推移获得更大的技能增长。他们在生命周期中也对自身技能投资更多，因为他们获得了更多受教育年限，并且更有可能参与成人教育活动。在解释成人技能形成方面，个人主义比以往文献强调的任何其他文化特征都更为重要。在劳动力市场上，个人主义程度更高的移民工资更高，失业的可能性更小。我们表明，我们的结果无法用选择性移民或遗漏的来源国变量来解释。
Abstract
Abstract More individualistic countries experience higher economic growth. We provide evidence for a human-capital-based explanation of the growth effects of individualism. Using data from the largest international adult skill assessment, we establish that individualism shapes human capital formation. We identify the effects of individualism by exploiting variation between migrants at the origin-country, origin-language, and person level. Migrants from more individualistic cultures have higher cognitive skills and larger skill gains over time. They also invest more in their skills over the life cycle, as they acquire more years of schooling and are more likely to participate in adult education activities. Individualism is more important in explaining adult skill formation than any other cultural trait that previous literature has emphasized. In the labor market, more individualistic migrants earn higher wages and are less often unemployed. We show that our results cannot be explained by selective migration or omitted origin-country variables.