Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2021 · Pedro Bessone、Gautam Rao、Frank Schilbach、Heather Schofield、Mattie Toma
中文摘要
发展中国家的城市贫困人口面临严峻的居住环境，这可能妨碍其获得良好睡眠。我们使用体动记录仪对睡眠进行客观测量，发现印度金奈的低收入成年人尽管每晚卧床8小时，平均却仅睡眠5.5小时。他们的睡眠频繁中断，其睡眠效率——睡眠时长占卧床时间的比例——与睡眠呼吸暂停或失眠等睡眠障碍患者相当。一项为期三周的随机干预通过提供信息、鼓励并改善居家睡眠环境，促使受试者延长卧床时间，从而使其每晚睡眠时长增加27分钟。与专家预测及大量睡眠研究的结论相反，夜间睡眠增加对认知、生产率、决策或幸福感均未产生可检测到的影响，并导致劳动供给小幅下降。相比之下，工作场所的午后短暂小睡使结果综合指数提高了0.12个标准差，其中生产率、心理幸福感和认知均显著提高，但工作时间有所减少。
Abstract
The urban poor in developing countries face challenging living environments, which may interfere with good sleep. Using actigraphy to measure sleep objectively, we find that low-income adults in Chennai, India, sleep only 5.5 hours a night on average despite spending 8 hours in bed. Their sleep is highly interrupted, with sleep efficiency-sleep per time in bed-comparable to those with disorders such as sleep apnea or insomnia. A randomized three-week treatment providing information, encouragement, and improvements to home sleep environments increased sleep duration by 27 minutes a night by inducing more time in bed. Contrary to expert predictions and a large body of sleep research, increased nighttime sleep had no detectable effects on cognition, productivity, decision making, or well being, and led to small decreases in labor supply. In contrast, short afternoon naps at the workplace improved an overall index of outcomes by 0.12 standard deviations, with significant increases in productivity, psychological well-being, and cognition, but a decrease in work time.