Economic and Social Outsiders but Political Insiders: Sweden’s Populist Radical Right
Review of Economic Studies · 2022 · Ernesto Dal Bó、Frederico Finan、Olle Folke、Torsten Persson、Johanna Rickne
中文摘要
我们研究了瑞典民主党——一个主要的民粹主义激进右翼政党——的政治家与选民。基于详细的行政数据，我们首次全面呈现了哪些人会被选入此类政党。调查显示，瑞典民主党的政治家和选民都持有强烈的反建制和反移民态度，这使他们与瑞典其他政党截然不同。为寻找与这些态度存在自然联系的个体特征，我们依据社会与经济边缘化程度以及移民接触程度，对全体瑞典政治家和选民进行了分类。瑞典民主党的政治家中，缺乏与劳动力市场或传统核心家庭牢固联系的边缘化群体代表过多，而这些群体在其他所有政党的政治家中代表不足。在选民方面，瑞典民主党在同类边缘化群体占比更高的选区获得了更高的选举支持。我们认为，动员边缘化群体是推动该党取得成功的重要因素。最后，我们发现瑞典民主党政治家在多项效价特征上的得分低于其他政党的政治家。总之，瑞典民主党的崛起提高了边缘化群体的政治代表性，但这是以效价损失为代价的。
Abstract
Abstract We study the politicians and voters of the Sweden Democrats, a major populist radical-right party. Based on detailed administrative data, we present the first comprehensive account of which politicians are selected into such a party. Surveys show that politicians and voters of the Sweden Democrats share strong anti-establishment and anti-immigration attitudes that drastically set them apart from Sweden’s other parties. Searching for individual traits that link naturally to these attitudes, we classify the universe of Swedish politicians and voters by social and economic marginalization and exposure to immigration. Politicians from the Sweden Democrats over-represent marginalized groups without strong attachments to the labour market or to traditional nuclear families, which instead are under-represented among politicians in all other parties. Among voters, the Sweden Democrats have higher electoral support in precincts with higher shares of the same marginalized groups. We see the mobilization of the marginalized as an important driver of the party’s success. Finally, we uncover that Sweden-Democrat politicians score lower on a number of valence traits than other-party politicians. In sum, the rise of the Sweden Democrats raised political representation for marginalized groups, but this came at a valence cost.