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选择屏幕拍卖

Choice Screen Auctions
American Economic Review · 2020 · Michael Ostrovsky

中文摘要

选择屏幕拍卖近期已在31个欧洲国家部署,允许消费者在谷歌的安卓平台上选择其偏好的搜索引擎,而非被自动默认设置为谷歌自有的搜索引擎。我表明,这些拍卖设计中一个看似细微的细节——即按“每次展示”还是按“每次安装”进行——会对拍卖赢家的构成与特征,进而对其预期的总体市场份额,起到重要作用。我还表明,“按每次安装”拍卖会扭曲替代性搜索引擎的激励,使其倾向于从每位安装用户身上尽可能榨取更多收入,而代价是降低此类用户的预期数量。随着拍卖竞争加剧、竞标者数量增加,这种扭曲会进一步恶化。2020年安卓选择屏幕拍卖的经验证据与我的理论结果一致。

Abstract

Choice screen auctions have been recently deployed in 31 European countries, allowing consumers to choose their preferred search engine on Google's Android platform instead of being automatically defaulted to Google's own search engine. I show that a seemingly minor detail in the design of these auctions-whether they are conducted on a "per appearance" or a "per install" basis-plays a major role in the mix and characteristics of auction winners, and, consequently, in their expected overall market share. I also show that "per install" auctions distort the incentives of alternative search engines toward extracting as much revenue as possible from each user who installs them, at the expense of lowering the expected number of such users. The distortion becomes worse as the auction gets more competitive and the number of bidders increases. Empirical evidence from Android choice screen auctions conducted in 2020 is consistent with my theoretical results.
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