Heroes and Villains: The Effects of Heroism on Autocratic Values and Nazi Collaboration in France
American Economic Review · 2023 · Julia Cagé、Anna Dagorret、Pauline Grosjean、Saumitra Jha
中文摘要
我们衡量了一个英雄网络如何能够使极端政治行为获得合法性并得以扩散。我们利用新近解密的情报档案、新的投票数据以及团史，表明在菲利普·贝当将军指挥下被任意轮换至凡尔登这一英雄的第一次世界大战战场的法国线列步兵团，其家乡市镇在此后的政治上出现分化，尤其是在贝当本人公开拥护威权主义观点之后尤为明显。此外，在贝当的通敌合作维希政权（1940–1944年）下，这些市镇的人均活跃纳粹通敌者数量高出7%。这些效应遍及各种形式的纳粹通敌行为，并扩散至退伍军人本身之外。 (JEL D72, D74, N34, N44, Z13)
Abstract
We measure how a network of heroes can legitimize and diffuse extreme political behaviors. We exploit newly declassified intelligence files, novel voting data, and regimental histories to show that home municipalities of French line regiments arbitrarily rotated under Philippe Pétain’s generalship through the heroic World War I battlefield of Verdun diverge politically thereafter, particularly following Pétain’s own overt espousal of authoritarian views. Further, under Pétain’s collaborationist Vichy regime (1940–1944), they raise 7 percent more active Nazi collaborators per capita. These effects extend across all forms of Nazi collaboration and diffuse beyond the veterans themselves. (JEL D72, D74, N34, N44, Z13)