The Value of Working Conditions in the United States and Implications for the Structure of Wages
American Economic Review · 2023 · Nicole Maestas、Kathleen J. Mullen、David Powell、Till von Wachter、Jeffrey B. Wenger
中文摘要
本文记录了美国工作条件的差异，给出了劳动者对工作条件估值的估计，并评估了工作条件对工资不平等估计的影响。我们开展了一系列陈述偏好实验，以估计劳动者对一系列广泛工作条件的支付意愿，并用实际工作选择对这些估计进行验证。我们发现，工作条件差异巨大，对工作选择具有重要作用，是劳动者所获报酬的核心组成部分。我们发现，考虑工作条件偏好差异往往会加剧工资差异，并强化工资不平等的测度。(JEL J22, J28, J31, J81)
Abstract
We document variation in working conditions in the United States, present estimates of how workers value these conditions, and assess the impact of working conditions on estimates of wage inequality. We conduct a series of stated-preference experiments to estimate workers’ willingness to pay for a broad set of working conditions, which we validate with actual job choices. We find that working conditions vary substantially, play a significant role in job choice, and are central components of the compensation received by workers. We find that accounting for differences in preferences for working conditions often exacerbates wage differentials and intensifies measures of wage inequality. (JEL J22, J28, J31, J81)