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国际大学生对美国技能型劳动力供给的影响

International college students’ impact on the US skilled labor supply
Journal of Public Economics · 2023 · Michel Beine、Giovanni Peri、Morgan Raux

中文摘要

尽管美国大学吸引了数百万国际学生,但我们并不清楚其中有多少人在毕业后留美工作。本文利用学费收取中的准随机变异,实施了一项工具变量估计,估计2003年至2017年间,一所大学每多吸引一名国际硕士生(或本科生),会使美国毕业当年的技能型劳动力供给增加约0.23名(0.08名)雇员。仅对于STEM专业学生而言,这种对劳动力供给的效应为正且统计显著,尤其是在2008年选择性实习培训(OPT)改革之后。

Abstract

While US universities attract millions of international students, we do not know how many of them work in the US after graduating. In this paper we implement an instrumental variable estimation, using quasi-random variations in the tuition charged, and we estimate that between 2003 and 2017 one more international master (or bachelor) student, attracted by a university, increased the US skilled labor supply in the year of graduation by about 0.23 (0.08) employees. Only for STEM students such effect on labor supply was positive and significant, especially after the 2008 Optional Practical Training reform.
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