家庭流动、社会网络与美国少数族裔社区的绅士化

中文摘要

我们考察了近期绅士化冲击对美国50个最大劳动力市场中少数族裔社区的影响。我们发现，从特定社区迁出的家庭集中流向少数几个目的地；这些目的地的少数族裔占比相近、网络联系紧密，但距离市中心更远。绅士化通过推高房价、降低黑人家庭占比以及提高迁往具有网络联系社区的迁出者比例，对黑人社区产生影响。然而，绅士化对西班牙裔社区的影响微乎其微。总体而言，绅士化冲击发生后，劳动力市场区域的种族隔离程度有所下降，因为黑人占比很高的社区变得不再那么隔离。

Abstract

We investigate the impact of recent gentrification shocks on minority neighborhoods in the 50 largest US labor markets. We show that household moves from a given neighborhood are concentrated to few destinations with similar minority shares and strong network ties, but those neighborhoods are farther away from downtown. Gentrification affects Black neighborhoods by raising house prices, reducing the proportion of Black households, and increasing the share of movers going to neighborhoods with network ties. However, gentrification has negligible effects on Hispanic neighborhoods. Overall labor market area segregation decreases after a gentrification shock because highly Black neighborhoods become less segregated.