贫困与健康
Poverty and Health
Annual Review of Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Adriana Lleras‐Muney", "affiliation": ["University of California, Los Angeles"]}, {"name": "Hannes Schwandt", "affiliation": ["Northwestern University"]}, {"name": "Laura Wherry", "affiliation": ["Wagner College"]}]
中文摘要
无论在国家之间, 还是在一国内部的个体之间, 贫困都与更差的健康状况密切相关。然而, 并非所有贫困个体都健康状况不佳: 贫困对健康的影响因地点和时间而异。在本综述中, 我们讨论记录这些模式的证据, 以及这些关联背后的原因。随后, 我们概述关于哪些政策可能改善贫困人口健康的已有认识。我们主要聚焦当代美国, 但也讨论来自历史经验以及低收入和中等收入国家的证据。贯穿全文, 我们还讨论了未来研究亟需关注的领域。
Abstract
Poverty is strongly associated with worse health across countries and across individuals within countries. However, not all poor individuals suffer from poor health: The effects of poverty on health vary across place and time. In this review, we discuss the evidence documenting these patterns and the reasons for the associations. We then provide an overview of what is known about policies that may improve the health of the poor. We focus primarily on the modern-day United States, but we also discuss evidence from historical experiences and low- and middle-income countries. Throughout the article we discuss areas in need of future research.