错配、选择与生产率：基于中国面板数据的定量分析
Misallocation, Selection, and Productivity: A Quantitative Analysis With Panel Data From China
Econometrica · 2022 · Tasso Adamopoulos、Loren Brandt、Jessica Leight、Diego Restuccia
中文摘要
我们使用中国家庭层面的面板数据和一个定量分析框架，考察农业中要素错配的程度及其后果。我们发现，中国农村与土地制度相关的土地市场和资本市场均存在显著的村内摩擦，这些摩擦不成比例地制约了生产率较高的农户。这些摩擦通过影响两个关键边际降低农业总体生产率：（1）农户之间的资源配置（错配）；（2）劳动者在不同部门之间的配置，尤其是从事农业经营的农户类型（选择）。选择通过影响职业选择、降低农业从业者的平均能力，显著放大了扭曲性政策对生产率的影响。
Abstract
We use household‐level panel data from China and a quantitative framework to document the extent and consequences of factor misallocation in agriculture. We find that there are substantial within‐village frictions in both the land and capital markets linked to land institutions in rural China that disproportionately constrain the more productive farmers. These frictions reduce aggregate agricultural productivity by affecting two key margins: (1) the allocation of resources across farmers (misallocation) and (2) the allocation of workers across sectors, in particular the type of farmers who operate in agriculture (selection). Selection substantially amplifies the productivity effect of distortionary policies by affecting occupational choices that worsen average ability in agriculture.