中文摘要
我们的许多日常生活经验表明, 人类是既关心自身也关心他人的社会性个体。然而, 长期以来, 经济学学科一直专注于对纯粹自利的经济人进行建模。在本综述中, 我们总结了关于偏离这种纯粹自利行为的大量实验文献, 尤其关注人们对不平等和公平的态度。这些文献表明, 许多个体愿意放弃自身的经济收益, 以换取更公平的资源分配。我们进一步呈现了实证证据, 表明人们对于何为公平的看法存在差异, 并讨论这些公平观念在各国国内以及国家之间如何变化。
Abstract
Many of our everyday life experiences suggest that humans are social individuals who care about themselves and others. Yet, for a long time, the economic discipline has focused on modeling the purely self-interested homo economicus . In this review, we summarize the extensive experimental literature on deviations from such purely self-interested behavior, with a particular focus on attitudes toward inequality and fairness. This literature shows that many individuals are willing to forgo their own economic gain for a fairer distribution of resources. We further illustrate empirical evidence showing that people differ in what they consider to be fair and discuss how these fairness views vary within and across countries.