国家构建的经济学：方法论工具包与政策启示
The Economics of Nation-Building: Methodological Tool Kit and Policy Lessons
Annual Review of Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Dominic Rohner", "affiliation": ["Biogen (Switzerland)", "Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies", "University of Lausanne"]}, {"name": "Ekaterina Zhuravskaya", "affiliation": ["École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique", "Paris School of Economics"]}]
中文摘要
本文综述了近期迅速兴起的关于国家建设 (nation-building) 的政治经济学研究。我们聚焦于这一研究领域的三个主要方面。首先，我们讨论与衡量国家建设结果相关的方法问题，并综合了采用不同技术的研究，例如关于身份认同的调查、田野实验室 (lab-in-the-field) 方法，以及对显示身份认同的行动的直接观察。其次，我们探讨有效国家建设的前提条件，尤其关注民族语言极化与隔离，并讨论这些因素如何影响政策选择及其有效性；我们还考虑了地缘政治因素。最后，我们综述了评估主要国家建设政策效果的文献进展，这些政策包括鼓励群际接触的政策、国家教育课程的选择、宣传、领导力、分权以及外国干预。我们着重指出这些政策发挥作用或适得其反的情形。
Abstract
This article reviews the recent burgeoning political economics research on nation-building. We focus on three main aspects of this body of work. First, we discuss methodological issues related to measuring nation-building outcomes and provide a synthesis of studies that employ different techniques, such as surveys on identity, lab-in-the-field methods, and direct observation of actions signaling identity. Second, we explore preconditions for effective nation-building, particularly focusing on ethnolinguistic polarization and segregation, and discuss how these factors may influence policy choices and their effectiveness. We also consider geopolitical factors. Finally, we review advances in the literature evaluating the effects of major nation-building policies, including those that encourage intergroup contact, the choice of national education curricula, propaganda, leadership, decentralization, and foreign interventions. We highlight instances in which these policies work or backfire.