技能与收入：人力资本的多维视角
Skills and Earnings: A Multidimensional Perspective on Human Capital
Annual Review of Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Ludger Woessmann", "affiliation": ["Hoover Institution", "Ifo Institute for Economic Research", "IZA - Institute of Labor Economics", "Stanford University"]}]
中文摘要
劳动力市场中执行的多种任务需要多个维度的技能。传统上，人力资本主要以受教育程度作为代理变量。然而，不断增多的文献强调了各种技能维度对在劳动力市场中取得成功的重要性。本文考察认知技能、人格技能与社会技能的回报，这是基础技能的三个重要维度。近期对在线招聘信息和职业社交平台进行文本分析的进展，为评估更广泛的应用技能维度及其与劳动力市场的相关性提供了新方法。对多维技能与收入之间关系（包括技能供给与需求的匹配）的证据进行综合与整合，将增进我们对人力资本在劳动力市场中作用的理解。
Abstract
The multitude of tasks performed in the labor market requires skills in many dimensions. Traditionally, human capital has been proxied primarily by educational attainment. However, an expanding body of literature highlights the importance of various skill dimensions for success in the labor market. This article examines the returns to cognitive, personality, and social skills, which are three important dimensions of basic skills. Recent advances in text analysis of online job postings and professional networking platforms offer novel methods for assessing a wider range of applied skill dimensions and their labor market relevance. Synthesis and integration of the evidence of the relationship between multidimensional skills and earnings, including the matching of skill supply and demand, will enhance our understanding of the role of human capital in the labor market.