中文摘要
Innovation and opening up are enduring themes of China's development in the new era. Amid changes unseen in a century, fully leveraging the advantages of coordinated development between National Innovation Demonstration Zones and Pilot Free Trade Zones is a key pathway toward achieving high-quality development. From the perspective of innovation–opening-up policy coherence, this paper constructs a composite quasi-natural experiment based on the linkage between National Innovation Demonstration Zones and Pilot Free Trade Zones. For the first time, it combines a probabilistic location-choice model for heterogeneous firms with a comprehensive dataset covering all Chinese firms from 2007 to 2021, calculates a city-level index of firms' spatial distribution, and empirically examines the impact of this linkage on firms' spatial distribution. The results show that the linkage significantly optimizes firms' spatial distribution. Mechanism tests indicate that the linkage empowers firms' spatial layout through three channels: strengthening supply–demand matching, promoting financial support, and enhancing innovation incentives. Compared with cities implementing only one of the two policies, the enabling and mechanism effects of the linkage are more pronounced. Tests of spatial and temporal heterogeneity show that implementing the innovation policy before the opening-up policy outperforms the reverse sequence. Increases in planned area and the number of functional subzones strengthen the policy effects, and the linkage generates spatial spillover effects characterized by diffusion from focal points to broader areas in a gradient pattern. In addition, the linkage helps optimize firms' spatial distribution under relational embeddedness, although its expected outcomes under structural embeddedness have yet to fully materialize. This paper not only addresses the contemporary question of how innovation and opening up can jointly form a development synergy, but also provides important insights for improving the coordination mechanisms of major national regional strategies.
Abstract
创新与开放是新时代中国发展的永恒主题。世界百年未有之大变局下，充分发挥国家自主创新示范区与自由贸易试验区的联动发展优势，是实现高质量发展的关键途径。本文基于创新开放政策一致性的研究视角，以自创区与自贸区为基础构建“双自联动”的复合型准自然实验，并首次将异质性企业区位选择概率模型与2007—2021年中国全量企业数据集相结合，测算出城市企业空间布局指数，实证检验“双自联动”对企业空间布局的影响。研究发现，“双自联动”对企业空间布局具有显著优化效应。机制检验表明，“双自联动”通过加强供需匹配、促进金融支持与提高创新激励三条渠道赋能企业空间布局。相较于仅实施单一政策的城市，“双自联动”的赋能作用与机制效应均更为突出。时空异质性检验显示，创新-开放的政策实施顺序优于开放-创新。规划面积和功能片区的增加将强化政策效果，且“双自联动”具有以点带面、梯度扩散的空间外溢效应。此外，“双自联动”有助于优化关系性嵌入下的企业空间布局，但在结构性嵌入模式中的预期成效尚未充分显现。本文不仅回应了“创新与开放如何形成发展合力”的时代命题，也为完善国家重大区域战略协同机制提供了重要启示。