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收入动态、岗位技能变化与STEM职业*

Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers*
Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2020 · David Deming、Kadeem Noray

中文摘要

本文研究岗位技能变化对大学毕业生职业生涯收入动态的影响。我们利用来自近乎涵盖全部在线招聘信息的详细职位描述,衡量了2007年至2019年间职业技能内容的变化。随后,我们构建了一个简单模型,其中工作经验的回报是在职学习与技能过时之间的一场竞赛。技能过时会降低经验回报,使变化较快的职业中年龄—收入曲线更为平缓。我们表明,主修计算机科学、工程和商科等技术密集型专业的大学毕业生的收入溢价迅速下降,且随着经验积累,这些毕业生会逐渐退出变化较快的职业。

Abstract

Abstract This article studies the impact of changing job skills on career earnings dynamics for college graduates. We measure changes in the skill content of occupations between 2007 and 2019 using detailed job descriptions from a near universe of online job postings. We then develop a simple model where the returns to work experience are a race between on-the-job learning and skill obsolescence. Obsolescence lowers the return to experience, flattening the age-earnings profile in faster-changing careers. We show that the earnings premium for college graduates majoring in technology-intensive subjects such as computer science, engineering, and business declines rapidly, and that these graduates sort out of faster-changing occupations as they gain experience.
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