赢家与输家？获得和失去选择性大学入学机会对教育和劳动力市场结果的影响

中文摘要

我们利用德克萨斯州前10%规则的实施，估计获得选择性大学入学机会对两组学生的大学毕业和收入结果的影响。对于来自条件较差高中、排名靠前并因该政策获得入学机会的学生，大学入学率和毕业率均有所提高。对于来自条件较好学校、排名相对靠后并往往因该政策失去入学机会的学生，他们转向了选择性较低的大学，但总体大学入学率、毕业率或收入并未下降。因此，该政策使其旨在录取的学生受益，同时没有证据表明其对被挤出的学生产生了不利影响。（JEL：I21、I23、I24、I26）

Abstract

We use the introduction of the Texas Top Ten Percent rule to estimate the effect of access to a selective college on graduation and earnings outcomes for two groups of students. For highly ranked students at more disadvantaged high schools, who gained access under the policy, college enrollment and graduation increased. Less highly ranked students at more advantaged schools, who tended to lose access, shifted toward less-selective colleges under the policy, but did not see declines in overall college enrollment, graduation, or earnings. The policy thus benefited students targeted for admission without evidence of adverse effects on displaced students. (JEL I21, I23, I24, I26)