对话的力量：莫桑比克伊斯兰主义叛乱中的被迫流离失所与社会融合

中文摘要

在全球被迫流离失所达到前所未有水平的背景下，对能够缓解流离失所者与接收社区之间紧张关系的低成本干预措施的需求日益增长。本研究开展了一项新颖的实地实验，旨在资源稀缺且国家能力较弱的条件下，促进境内流离失所者（IDPs）融入接收社区。实验在莫桑比克最北部的德尔加杜角省进行，该省的伊斯兰主义叛乱已造成超过一百万人在境内流离失所。接收社区居民与境内流离失所者共同参加社区会议，讨论与其共同生活有关的议题。对调查数据、列表实验和实地实验室博弈的分析表明，社区会议对接收社区居民与境内流离失所者之间的关系产生了持续的积极影响。本研究的一项新发现是，即使短暂但结构化的群体间互动，也能对社会凝聚力产生有益且持久的影响，并至少持续2至3个月。• 莫桑比克的一项实地实验检验了群体间接触能否改善境内流离失所者与接收社区之间的凝聚力。• 境内流离失所者与接收社区居民共同参加社区会议，以增进相互理解。• 社区会议提高了对境内流离失所者的包容与信任，并减少了对他们的歧视。• 境内流离失所者报告称，其社会融合程度有所提高，对当地接收社区居民的信任也有所增强。• 结构化的群体间接触有助于在资源有限的环境中促进社会凝聚力。

Abstract

With global forced displacement at an unprecedented level, there is an increasing demand for low-cost interventions that can reduce tension between displaced persons and host communities. This study undertakes a novel field experiment designed to improve the social integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) into host communities under conditions of scarce resources and low state capacity. The experiment was conducted in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique’s northernmost province, where an Islamist insurgency has resulted in over one million IDPs. Hosts and IDPs participated in joint community meetings in which they discussed topics related to their collective life. Analysis of survey data, list experiments and lab-in-the-field games shows the community meetings produced sustained positive effects on the relationship between hosts and IDPs. As a novel insight, this study finds that even brief but structured intergroup interactions can have a beneficial and enduring impact on social cohesion that persists for at least 2–3 months. • Field experiment in Mozambique tested intergroup contact to improve IDP-host cohesion. • IDPs and hosts met in joint community meetings to foster mutual understanding. • Community meetings boosted tolerance, trust, and reduced discrimination toward IDPs. • IDPs reported stronger social integration and greater trust in local hosts. • Structured intergroup contact fosters social cohesion in resource-limited settings.