因裁员而失去工作后的收入损失性别差距

中文摘要

我们将事件研究设计与倾向得分匹配及重新加权相结合，利用德国行政数据，比较从相似岗位上因裁员而失去工作的男性和女性。大规模裁员后，女性的收入损失比男性高约35%，而且这一差距在裁员失业五年后仍然存在。女性更多地从事兼职就业可以部分解释这一现象，但即使就全职工资损失而言，女性的损失也比男性高出近50%。父母身份显著扩大了这一性别差距。最后，因裁员而失去工作的女性用于求职的时间较少，申请的工作薪酬也较低，这凸显了劳动供给决策的重要性。

Abstract

Abstract We compare men and women who are displaced from similar jobs by applying an event study design combined with propensity score matching and reweighting to administrative data from Germany. After a mass layoff, women’s earnings losses are about 35% higher than men’s, with the gap persisting 5 years after displacement. This is partly explained by women taking up more part-time employment, but even women’s full-time wage losses are almost 50% higher than men’s. Parenthood magnifies the gender gap sharply. Finally, displaced women spend less time on job search and apply for lower-paid jobs, highlighting the importance of labor supply decisions.