大学招生中的考试可选政策如何不成比例地损害来自弱势背景的高成就申请者

We analyze data from one elite institution and find that test score–optional policies harm the likelihood of admission for high-achieving applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds. Under test-optional policies, these applicants submit test scores at too low a rate; they more than double their admission probability (from 2.9 percent to 7.2 percent) by reporting scores. Our findings suggest that, more than commonly understood, elite institutions interpret test scores in the context of an applicant's background. Thus, availability of test scores on an application can promote rather than hinder social mobility. (JEL I23, I28)