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当雇主不能再在招聘广告中实施性别歧视时,会发生什么?

What Happens When Employers Can No Longer Discriminate in Job Ads?
American Economic Review · 2023 · Peter Kuhn、Kailing Shen

中文摘要

当中国一家招聘网站出人意料地在一夜之间移除了雇主明确提出的性别要求后,成功申请者群体的性别构成变得更加融合:在原先要求男性(女性)的职位所发出的回访通知中,女性(男性)所占的份额上升了 61%(146%)。从这个意义上说,移除性别要求之所以“奏效”,是因为它大幅增加了与职位性别要求不匹配的申请,而且雇主对这些申请的态度出人意料地积极。这表明,雇主提出的性别要求往往反映的只是相对较弱的偏好或过时的刻板印象。然而,因这项禁令而实现性别融合的职位类别并不是性别化程度最高的类别,并且不成比例地集中于工资较低的职位。

Abstract

When employers' explicit gender requests were unexpectedly removed from a Chinese job board overnight, pools of successful applicants became more integrated: women's (men's) share of callbacks to jobs that had requested men (women) rose by 61 (146) percent. The removal “worked” in this sense because it generated a large increase in gender-mismatched applications, and because those applications were treated surprisingly well by employers, suggesting that employers' gender requests often represented relatively weak preferences or outdated stereotypes. The job titles that were integrated by the ban, however, were not the most gendered ones, and were disproportionately lower-wage jobs. (JEL J16, J23, J41, J63, J71, M51, P31)
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