中文摘要
我们构建了一个理论，刻画当偏好冲击、消费机会冲击和价格冲击的关注成本高昂时，行为人如何做出基本的多产品消费决策。我们证明，行为人往往通过将注意力限制在少数重要考量因素上来简化其选择，这些因素取决于所面临的决策，并以特定方式影响其消费模式。如果行为人的问题是选择多种具有不同替代程度的商品的消费水平，那么她可能会为替代性较强的产品（例如娱乐）设立心理预算。在某些情形下，以消费数量来设定预算是最优的，但当大多数产品都拥有大量替代品时，以名义支出来设定预算往往是最优的。相反，如果商品是互补品，那么行为人可能会——与幼稚分散化相一致——选择一个固定的、未经斟酌的产品组合。而如果行为人的问题是从多种产品中选择一种来满足给定的消费需求（例如汽油或床），那么对她而言，为该项需求分配一个固定金额往往是最优的。
Abstract
Abstract We develop a theory of how an agent makes basic multiproduct consumption decisions in the presence of taste, consumption opportunity, and price shocks that are costly to attend to. We establish that the agent often simplifies her choices by restricting attention to a few important considerations, which depend on the decision at hand and affect her consumption patterns in specific ways. If the agent’s problem is to choose the consumption levels of many goods with different degrees of substitutability, then she may create mental budgets for more substitutable products (e.g., entertainment). In some situations, it is optimal to specify budgets in terms of consumption quantities, but when most products have an abundance of substitutes, specifying budgets in terms of nominal spending tends to be optimal. If the goods are complements, in contrast, then the agent may—consistent with naive diversification—choose a fixed, unconsidered mix of products. And if the agent’s problem is to choose one of multiple products to fulfill a given consumption need (e.g., for gasoline or a bed), then it is often optimal for her to allocate a fixed sum for the need.