气候适应政策与婴儿健康：来自巴西一项水资源政策的证据

中文摘要

本文研究胎儿在宫内期间受到一项大规模气候适应项目覆盖如何影响出生结局。该项目在巴西最贫困、最干旱的地区修建了约一百万座蓄水池，以推广小规模分散式雨水收集。妊娠早期获得蓄水池使用权提高了出生体重，这一影响对受教育程度较高的母亲尤为明显。数据表明，受教育程度较高的女性对项目饮水消毒培训的遵从程度更高，这凸显出，即使是简单、低成本的技术，也需要最终用户的配合（即“最后一公里”）才能发挥作用。在水资源日益稀缺的背景下，适应政策可以改善新生儿健康，并由此产生积极的长期影响。

Abstract

This paper studies how in utero exposure to a large-scale climate adaptation program affects birth outcomes. The program built around one million cisterns in Brazil’s poorest and driest region to promote small-scale decentralized rainfall harvesting. Access to cisterns during early pregnancy increased birth weight, particularly for more educated mothers. Data suggest that more educated women complied more with the program’s water disinfection training, highlighting that even simple, low-cost technologies require final users’ compliance (“the last mile”) to be effective. In the context of growing water scarcity, adaptation policies can foster neonatal health and thus have positive long-run implications.