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社区变迁、绅士化与大学毕业生的城市化进程

Neighborhood Change, Gentrification, and the Urbanization of College Graduates
Journal of Economic Perspectives · 2023 · Victor Couture、Jessie Handbury

中文摘要

我们研究了过去40年来城市内部按教育程度进行居住分选的趋势变化。我们发现,在1980年,美国大城市中距离市中心最近的社区,其居民的大学学历获得水平最低;到2017年,这些社区的大学学历获得水平已升至最高。我们讨论了分选模式发生变化的决定因素,重点关注交通技术和收入增长的作用。我们概述了近期大学毕业生城市化进程对社区便利设施、房价和居住隔离产生的各种后果。我们特别指出,大学毕业生倾向于聚集在特定的中心城区社区,这可能会限制不同教育程度人群之间的互动机会。

Abstract

We study changing trends in within-city sorting by education over the last 40 years. We show that neighborhoods closest to the centers of large US cities rose from having the lowest levels of college attainment in 1980 to the highest in 2017. We discuss the determinants of changes in sorting patterns, focusing on the role of transportation technology and income growth. We outline various consequences of the recent urbanization of college graduates on neighborhood amenities, house prices, and segregation. We highlight the tendency of college graduates to cluster into select central neighborhoods, likely limiting opportunities for interactions across educational lines.
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