精英大学与人力和社会资本的代际传递
Elite Universities and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human and Social Capital
American Economic Review · 2026 · [{"name": "Andrés Barrios-Fernández", "affiliation": ["Universidad de Los Andes"]}, {"name": "Chris Neilson", "affiliation": ["Yale University"]}, {"name": "Seth Zimmerman", "affiliation": ["Yale University"]}]
中文摘要
精英大学是帮助有才华的学生跻身社会精英阶层, 还是帮助在位精英维持其地位? 我们将智利的代际关联数据与断点回归设计相结合, 表明从跨代视角看, 精英大学二者兼具。获得精英大学项目录取的较低社会地位个体, 会改变其子女的社会环境。其子女更有可能就读高地位的私立学校和大学, 也更有可能居住在高地位同伴附近并与之结交为友。相比之下, 学业成就不受影响。结合描述性发现与准实验发现的模拟表明, 精英大学在强化社会资本与人力资本之间联系的同时, 降低了代际社会流动性。(JEL I23, I26, J24, J62, O15, Z13)
Abstract
Do elite colleges help talented students join the social elite or help incumbent elites retain their positions? We combine intergenerationally linked data from Chile with a regression discontinuity design to show that, looking across generations, elite colleges do both. Lower-status individuals who gain admission to elite college programs transform their children’s social environment. Children become more likely to attend high-status private schools and colleges and to live near and befriend high-status peers. In contrast, academic achievement is unaffected. Simulations combining descriptive and quasi-experimental findings show that elite colleges tighten the link between social and human capital while decreasing intergenerational social mobility. (JEL I23, I26, J24, J62, O15, Z13)
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