中文摘要
第一次世界大战期间，近40万名黑人男性被征召加入国民军（National Army），主要在实行种族隔离的部队中从事低下而繁重的劳役。我们利用第一次世界大战征兵抽签所提供的新变异，以及数百万份数字化军事记录和全国有色人种协进会（NAACP）档案，记录了这些人在早期民权运动中发挥的先驱作用。与同一征兵委员会辖下可观测特征相似的个体相比，被随机征召入伍的黑人男性加入初创的全国有色人种协进会、并在新黑人时代成为重要社区领袖的可能性更高，且差异具有统计显著性。我们几乎没有发现证据表明，这些效应可以由迁移或社会经济地位的改善来解释。相反，我们表明，公民行动的增加是由那些在为国服役期间遭受歧视性待遇最严重的士兵所推动的，这印证了有关军队中制度性种族主义具有催化作用的历史记载。
Abstract
Abstract Nearly 400,000 Black men were drafted into the National Army during World War I, where they toiled primarily as menial laborers in segregated units. Leveraging novel variation from the World War I draft lottery and millions of digitized military and NAACP records, we document the pioneering role these men played in the early civil rights movement. Relative to observably similar individuals from the same draft board, Black men randomly inducted into the Army were significantly more likely to join the nascent NAACP and become prominent community leaders in the New Negro era. We find little evidence that these effects are explained by migration or improved socioeconomic status. Rather, corroborating historical accounts about the catalyzing influence of institutional racism in the military, we show that increased civic activism was driven by soldiers who experienced the most discriminatory treatment while serving their country.