中文摘要
我们研究分轨制学校体系中移民子女的教育选择。首先，我们发现，与能力相近的本土学生相比，意大利的移民学生进入职业高中的比例明显偏高，而进入技术类高中和学术导向型高中的比例相对较低。这一差距在男生中更大，并与留级方面的类似差异相呼应。随后，我们估计了一项大规模随机干预的影响；该干预为能力较强的移民学生提供课业辅导以及升学与职业规划指导。接受干预的男生进入较高教育轨道的概率上升至与本土男生相同的水平，留级差距也随之消除。该干预对移民女生没有统计显著的影响；在没有干预的情况下，移民女生的教育选择和学业表现本就与本土女生相近。学业动机的增强以及教师在高中选择方面所提建议的变化，解释了该干预效应的相当大一部分。最后，我们发现，干预对接受干预学生的移民同班同学产生了正向溢出效应，但对其本土同班同学没有影响。
Abstract
We study the educational choices of children of immigrants in a tracked school system. We first show that immigrants in Italy enroll disproportionately into vocational high schools, as opposed to technical and academically‐oriented ones, compared to natives of similar ability. The gap is greater for male students and it mirrors an analogous differential in grade retention. We then estimate the impact of a large‐scale, randomized intervention providing tutoring and career counseling to high‐ability immigrant students. Male treated students increase their probability of enrolling into the high track to the same level of natives, also closing the gap in grade retention. There are no significant effects on immigrant girls, who exhibit similar choices and performance as native ones in absence of the intervention. Increases in academic motivation and changes in teachers' recommendation regarding high school choice explain a sizable portion of the effect. Finally, we find positive spillovers on immigrant classmates of treated students, while there is no effect on native classmates.