制度、比较优势与环境
Institutions, Comparative Advantage, and the Environment
Review of Economic Studies · 2025 · [{"name": "Joseph Shapiro", "affiliation": ["Berkeley College", "University of California, Berkeley"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 本文提出，强制度在清洁产业中带来比较优势，并由此改善一国的环境质量。本文研究金融、司法和劳动力市场制度。五项互补检验对这一假说及其含义进行评估与考察。第一，依赖制度的产业属于清洁产业。第二，强制度提高了清洁产业的相对出口。第三，产业的复杂性有助于解释制度与清洁产品之间的联系。第四，各国在清洁产业与污染产业之间产出构成的差异，解释了全球排放分布中的一个重要部分。第五，一个定量一般均衡模型表明，强化一国制度会通过将污染产业迁移至国外来减少本国污染，但会增加其他国家的污染。强制度在清洁产业中带来的比较优势，为发展中国家污染水平相对较高这一现象提供了一个尚未得到充分探讨的原因。
Abstract
Abstract This paper proposes that strong institutions provide comparative advantage in clean industries, and thereby improve a country’s environmental quality. I study financial, judicial, and labour market institutions. Five complementary tests evaluate and assess implications of this hypothesis. First, industries that depend on institutions are clean. Second, strong institutions increase relative exports in clean industries. Third, an industry’s complexity helps explain the link between institutions and clean goods. Fourth, cross-country differences in the composition of output between clean and dirty industries explain an important share of the global distribution of emissions. Fifth, a quantitative general equilibrium model indicates that strengthening a country’s institutions decreases its pollution through relocating dirty industries abroad, though increases pollution in other countries. The comparative advantage that strong institutions provide in clean industries gives one under-explored reason why developing countries have relatively high pollution levels.