中文摘要
尽管国有企业（SOEs）私有化在许多国家仍是一种流行的政策工具，但其对工人的影响尚不明确。本文研究巴西的案例，该国在20世纪90年代实施了一项大规模私有化计划。私有化后，与匹配的对照组相比，被私有化国有企业的原有工人（即私有化前已在该企业工作的工人）的工资下降了约25%。此外，通过劳动力流动与被私有化国有企业相关联的私营企业也降低了工资。一项汇总计算结果提示，私有化使正规部门工资下降了3%，其中约三分之二的影响源于对私营部门工人的间接影响。（JEL J31, J62, L32, L33, O14, O15）
Abstract
While privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) remains a popular policy tool in many countries, the impacts on workers are unclear. This paper studies the case of Brazil, which implemented a large privatization program in the 1990s. Following privatization, incumbent workers in privatized SOEs suffer a wage decline of roughly 25 percent relative to a matched control group. Additionally, private sector firms that are connected to privatized SOEs by labor mobility also reduce wages. A summary calculation suggests that privatization decreased the formal sector wage by 3 percent, with about two-thirds of this effect due to the indirect impact on private sector workers. (JEL J31, J62, L32, L33, O14, O15)