中文摘要
利用丹麦雇主—雇员匹配数据，我将男性与女性的相对薪酬同通过生产函数估计衡量的相对生产率进行比较。我发现，性别“生产率差距”为8%，这意味着剩余性别工资差距中近三分之二源于男女之间的生产率差异。母亲身份发挥着重要作用，但也揭示了一个谜题：母亲的薪酬差距完全可以由生产率差异解释，而无子女女性的薪酬差距则不能。此外，无子女女性的薪酬与生产率脱钩发生在其主要生育年龄段。在对可观测变量如何影响生产率采用多种不同设定时，这些估计结果均保持稳健；使用控制函数方法考虑女性内生性地进入生产率较低企业这一分选因素后，结果也仍然稳健。本文还估计了不同行业和职业中的生产率差距，发现在这些子群体内，母亲与无子女女性的比较仍呈现上述总体模式。
Abstract
Abstract Using Danish matched employer–employee data, I compare the relative pay of men and women to their relative productivity as measured by production function estimation. I find that the gender “productivity gap” is 8%, implying that almost two thirds of the residual gender wage gap is due to productivity differences between men and women. Motherhood plays an important role, yet it also reveals a puzzle: The pay gap for mothers is entirely explained by productivity, whereas the gap for non-mothers is not. In addition, the decoupling of pay and productivity for women without children happens during their prime-child bearing years. These estimates are robust to a variety of specifications for the impact of observables on productivity, and robust to accounting for endogenous sorting of women into less productive firms using a control-function approach. This paper also provides estimates of the productivity gap across industries and occupations, finding the same general patterns for mothers compared to women without children within these subgroups.