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历史视角下拉丁美洲移民迁入美国

US Immigration from Latin America in Historical Perspective
Journal of Economic Perspectives · 2023 · Gordon Hanson、Pia M. Orrenius、Madeline Zavodny

中文摘要

美国居民中出生于拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的人口占比,在经历了半个世纪的快速增长后,近期趋于平稳。我们对有关该地区移民迁入美国的移民潮的证据进行综述,结果提示:这一移民潮与19世纪及20世纪初的主要移民潮有诸多相似之处;在大多数移民来源国,推动拉丁美洲移民流入美国的人口与经济因素似乎已经减弱;疫情后,来自拉丁美洲的移民流入若持续放缓,可能扰乱美国许多区域劳动力市场中的劳动密集型部门。

Abstract

The share of US residents who were born in Latin America and the Caribbean plateaued recently, after a half century of rapid growth. Our review of the evidence on the US immigration wave from the region suggests that it bears many similarities to the major immigration waves of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, that the demographic and economic forces behind Latin American migrant inflows appear to have weakened across most sending countries, and that a continued slowdown of immigration from Latin America post-pandemic has the potential to disrupt labor-intensive sectors in many US regional labor markets.
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