社会福利可携带性与迁移：来自印度公共分配系统的证据
Social Welfare Portability and Migration: Evidence from India’s Public Distribution System
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2025 · [{"name": "Travis Baseler", "affiliation": ["University of Rochester"]}, {"name": "Ambar Narayan", "affiliation": ["World Bank", "World Bank Group"]}, {"name": "Odyssia Ng", "affiliation": ["World Bank", "World Bank Group"]}, {"name": "Sutirtha Sinha Roy", "affiliation": ["World Bank"]}]
中文摘要
本文研究一项旨在使食品权益在印度全国范围内可携带的新项目。我们首先利用神秘顾客以及对流动人口和经销商的调查, 刻画食品权益可携带性的现状。随后, 我们通过一项整群随机对照试验, 向家庭告知该项目及其使用障碍。处理效应对权益可携带性信念的影响最初为正, 但在信念普遍上升之后转为负。这些模式与如下解读一致: 我们的实验提高了对该项目的认知, 却降低了对其实施的信任。向城市的迁移减少了, 表明食品获取会影响流动人口的目的地选择。(JEL D12, D83, H53, I38, O12, O18, R23)
Abstract
This paper studies a new program designed to make food entitlements portable throughout India. We first characterize the state of food entitlement portability using mystery shoppers and surveys of migrants and distributors. We then inform households about the program—and barriers to using it—through a cluster randomized controlled trial. Treatment impacts on beliefs about entitlement portability were initially positive but later turned negative following a general rise in beliefs. These patterns are consistent with our experiment increasing awareness of the program but decreasing trust in its implementation. Migration to cities decreased, suggesting access to food affects migrants’ destination choices. (JEL D12, D83, H53, I38, O12, O18, R23)