配额还是质量？一项非常规性别配额的长期收益
Quota versus Quality? Long-Term Gains from an Unusual Gender Quota
American Economic Review · 2026 · [{"name": "Ursina Schaede", "affiliation": ["Tufts University", "Schlumberger (Ireland)"]}, {"name": "Ville Mankki", "affiliation": ["University of Jyväskylä"]}]
中文摘要
我们通过考察受益者开始在相关行业从事生产后招生配额对产出的影响，评估招生配额在公平与效率之间的权衡。我们估计废除小学男教师40%配额对其学生长期结果的影响。我们将这一改革与工会谈判确定的教师退休时点相结合，以分离出男性配额教师的准随机变异。接触过男性配额教师的学生向后义务教育阶段的过渡更为顺畅，且在25岁时拥有更高的教育获得程度和劳动力市场依附度。证据表明，该配额通过修正无约束选拔过程中的缺陷，改善了人才配置。（JEL I21, I23, I28, J16, J24, J45）
Abstract
We evaluate equity-efficiency trade-offs from admissions quotas by examining effects on output once beneficiaries start producing in the relevant industry. We estimate the impact of abolishing a 40 percent quota for male primary school teachers on their pupils’ long-run outcomes. We combine this reform with the timing of union-bargained teacher retirements to isolate quasi-random variation in male quota teachers. Pupils exposed to male quota teachers transition more smoothly to postcompulsory education and have higher educational attainment and labor force attachment at age 25. Evidence suggests the quota improved the allocation of talent by mending imperfections in the unconstrained selection process. (JEL I21, I23, I28, J16, J24, J45)