移民执法的劳动力市场效应

中文摘要

我们考察了“安全社区”（Secure Communities，SC）政策的劳动力市场效应。这是一项于2008年至2013年间实施、依托警方开展的移民执法政策。利用各地区及不同时期的政策实施差异，我们发现，SC减少了可能属于无证移民的人群的就业。这些效应不仅由遣返所驱动，也由仍留在美国的移民所作的调整所驱动。重要的是，SC还减少了美国出生者的就业，并降低了其小时工资。我们为可能解释这一劳动力需求下降的两种机制提供了支持：一是劳动力成本上升导致就业创造减少，二是本地消费下降。

Abstract

We examine the labor market effects of Secure Communities (SC), a police-based immigration enforcement policy implemented in 2008–13. Using variation in implementation across local areas and over time, we find that SC decreased the employment of likely undocumented immigrants. These effects are driven not only by deportations but also by adjustments among immigrants who remain in the United States. Importantly, SC also decreased the employment and hourly wages of US-born individuals. We provide support for two mechanisms that could explain this decline in labor demand: an increase in labor costs that decreases job creation and a reduction in local consumption.