实地培训教官对警察使用武力的影响
The Effect of Field Training Officers on Police Use of Force
American Economic Review · 2026 · [{"name": "Chandon Adger", "affiliation": ["Texas A&M University"]}, {"name": "Matthew B. Ross", "affiliation": ["Universidad del Noreste"]}, {"name": "CarlyWill Sloan", "affiliation": ["United States Military Academy"]}]
中文摘要
在职培训与主管的影响，尤其是在警务等高风险情境中，目前仍缺乏充分理解。围绕警务改革的争论，使用武力是其中一项核心行为；本文考察现场培训警官（FTO）对新警员使用武力的影响。利用一个满足条件性近似随机分配的情境，我们证明了 FTO 与新警员使用武力之间存在因果联系。FTO 使用武力倾向每增加一个标准差，会使新警员使用武力上升 14% 至 18%，且该效应至少持续两年。这凸显了现场培训的影响，并揭示了一条有前景的改革路径。（JEL D91, J24, J45, K42, M53）
Abstract
The influence of on-the-job training and supervisors, especially in high-stakes settings like policing, is poorly understood. Examining a central behavior in the debate surrounding police reform, we investigate the impact of a field training officer (FTO) on a recruit’s use of force. Leveraging a setting with conditional as-good-as-random assignment, we demonstrate a causal link between FTO and recruit use of force. A 1 standard deviation increase in FTO force propensity leads to a 14 to 18 percent rise in recruit force, persisting for at least two years. This underscores field training’s impact and reveals a promising avenue for reform. (JEL D91, J24, J45, K42, M53)