从失业到自雇:自雇援助项目的评估
From Unemployment to Self-Employment: An Evaluation of Self-Employment Assistance Programs
Journal of Labor Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Alexandre Gaillard", "affiliation": ["John Brown University"]}, {"name": "Sumudu Kankanamge", "affiliation": ["University of Kinshasa"]}]
中文摘要
本文评估自雇援助 (SEA) 项目, 这类政府举措将失业保险制度加以扩展, 以支持从失业向自雇的转变。利用美国劳动力市场的一般均衡模型, 我们表明, 这些项目具有重要的劳动力市场流动效应, 并提高了自雇率。它们还显著影响自雇的构成与绩效结果: 一次性补贴筛选出低技能个体, 而以先前就业收入为条件的 SEA 项目则筛选出技能更高、更富裕的个体。在总体层面, 后一类项目主要将个体从就业重新配置到自雇, 而使失业率基本不受影响。
Abstract
This paper evaluates self-employment assistance (SEA) programs, which are government initiatives extending the unemployment insurance system to support unemployment to self-employment transitions. Using a general equilibrium model of the US labor market, we show that these programs have important labor market mobility effects and increase the self-employment rate. They also significantly impact the composition and performance outcomes of self-employment: while lump-sum subsidies select low-skilled individuals, SEA programs contingent on previously employed earnings select skilled and wealthier individuals. At the aggregate level, the latter programs mainly reallocate individuals from employment to self-employment, leaving the unemployment rate largely unaffected.