子女与儿童照护政策的多代际影响

中文摘要

本文考察子女的多代际影响，以及公共提供的正规儿童照护是否会减轻子女对母亲收入与就业的影响。我们发现，第一个孩子的出生会降低母亲的就业和收入，并降低祖母的就业。通过研究魁北克的一项普惠性儿童照护计划，我们发现正规儿童照护提高了母亲的就业率，也在较小程度上提高了祖母的就业率。考察该计划影响在各人口普查区之间的异质性后，我们发现该计划对母亲就业的正向效应与政策实施前祖母提供非正规儿童照护的供给之间存在负相关关系。

Abstract

This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. We find that the arrival of a firstborn reduces employment and earnings of mothers and employment of grandmothers. Studying a universal childcare program in Quebec, we find that formal childcare increases the employment rates of mothers as well as that of grandmothers to a lesser extent. Examining heterogeneity of the program’s impact across census divisions, we find a negative correlation between the positive effects on mothers’ employment and the prepolicy supply of informal childcare by grandmothers.